Location: eastbound between the junctions with the A483 and the A41 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 09:15 and 09:30 on 5 November 2024.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 15.55 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound at the junction with the M57 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 09:15 and 09:30 on 5 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.43 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound at the junction with the M57 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 09:15 and 09:30 on 5 November 2024.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 12.62 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound exit slip to the A483 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 09:00 and 09:15 on 5 November 2024.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 14.97 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound at the junction with the M57 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 08:45 and 09:00 on 5 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.43 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound at the junction with the M57 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 08:45 and 09:00 on 5 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.47 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between the junctions with the A5156 and the A55 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 08:45 and 09:00 on 5 November 2024.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 15.19 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound exit slip to the A483 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 08:30 and 08:45 on 5 November 2024.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 14.97 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between the junctions with the A567 and the A5090 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 08:15 and 08:30 on 5 November 2024.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 10.1 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound exit slip to the A483 .
Due to: Congestion.
Normal traffic conditions are expected between 08:00 and 08:15 on 5 November 2024.
Delay : There are currently delays of 10 minutes against expected traffic.
Nearest town: 14.97 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J9 (Ellesmere Port) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : from 20:37 on 4 November 2024 to 06:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 9.96 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound entry slip at junction J10 (Elton) .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : from 20:38 on 4 November 2024 to 06:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 11.16 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound entry slip at junction J8 (Overpool) .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : from 20:39 on 4 November 2024 to 06:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 9.17 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound entry slip at junction J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : from 20:39 on 4 November 2024 to 06:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 9.84 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between the M57 and junction J1 (Kirkby) .
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 05:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes are closed.
Nearest town: 12.78 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J3 (Southport) and J1 (Kirkby) .
Lane Closures : Lane two is closed.
Due to: Emergency roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 05:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There is one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 15.79 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J2 (Prescot) and J1 (Huyton) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Emergency barrier repairs.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 31 December 2024.
Nearest town: 13.55 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J4 (Heswall) and J5 (Bebington) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 5 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 5.87 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J4 (Heswall) and J5 (Bebington) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 5 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 6.13 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound exit slip at junction J5 (Bebington) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 5 November 2024 to 23:59 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.57 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound exit slip to the A483 .
Lane Closures : Lane one is closed.
Due to: Road repairs.
Period : expect disruption until 06:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There is one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 15.19 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between the A5104 and the junction with the A483 .
Lane Closures : Lane one is closed.
Due to: Road repairs.
Period : expect disruption until 05:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There is one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.6 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound exit slip to the A483 .
Lane Closures : Lane two is closed.
Due to: Road repairs.
Period : expect disruption until 05:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There is one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.91 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between the A55 and the junction with the A5156 .
Lane Closures : Lane one is closed.
Due to: Road repairs.
Period : expect disruption until 06:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There is one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 15.1 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J10 (Elton) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme.
Period : from 21:05 on 4 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Nearest town: 11.14 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J12 (Chester) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 5 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.81 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound at junction J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 5 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.29 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J12 (Chester) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 5 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.81 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J8 (Overpool) and J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lane two is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 06:00 on 5 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There is one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 9.11 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J6 (Liverpool) and J7 (Prescot) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 22:00 on 8 November 2024 to 05:00 on 9 November 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 05:00 from 11 November 2024 to 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.22 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound.
Due to: Roadworks scheme.
Period : from 20:08 on 23 October 2024 to 06:00 on 7 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.44 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound entry slip at junction J6 (Liverpool) from roundabout.
Lane Closures : Lane one is closed.
Due to: Emergency barrier repairs.
Period : expect disruption until 15:30 on 7 February 2025.
Lanes Closed : There is one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 13.28 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J7 (Prescot) and J6 (Liverpool) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme.
Period : from 21:00 on 23 October 2024 to 05:00 on 19 December 2024.
Nearest town: 15.76 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J6 (Liverpool) and J8 (Warrington) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme.
Period : from 20:00 on 23 October 2024 to 06:00 on 23 November 2024.
Nearest town: 14.22 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J4 (Knowsley) and J1 (Huyton) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 12.88 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J5 (St Helens) and J4 (Knowsley) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 12.78 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J7 (Liverpool) and J4 (Knowsley) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 12.6 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J4 (Knowsley) and J5 (St Helens) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 12.87 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J1 (Huyton) and J4 (Knowsley) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 13.16 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound entry slip at junction J1 (Huyton) from roundabout.
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 13.17 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J4 (Knowsley) and J7 (Liverpool) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 12.74 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J2 (Prescot) and J1 (Huyton) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 13.18 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound at junction J15 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Barrier repairs.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 31 December 2024.
Nearest town: 11.83 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J1 (Kirkby) and M6 .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 14.75 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between the M57 and junction J1 (Kirkby) .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 12.79 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junction J1 (Kirkby) and the M57 .
Lane Closures : The hard shoulder is closed.
Due to: Roadworks.
Period : expect disruption until 23:59 on 30 March 2026.
Nearest town: 14.96 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J9 (Ellesmere Port) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:30 on 13 November 2024 to 06:00 on 16 November 2024.
Nearest town: 10.61 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J4 (Heswall) and J5 (Bebington) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Barrier repairs are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 11 November 2024 to 05:00 on 12 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 4.49 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J5 (Bebington) and J4 (Heswall) .
Lane Closures : Lane three will be closed.
Due to: Barrier repairs are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 11 November 2024 to 05:00 on 12 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 5.1 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J9 (Ellesmere Port) and J10 (Elton) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 15 November 2024 to 06:00 on 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 9.77 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound entry slip at junction J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 06:00 from 13 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.12 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound at junction J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:30 and 06:00 from 13 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 11.57 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J10 (Elton) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:30 and 06:00 from 13 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 11.24 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J9 (Ellesmere Port) and J10 (Elton) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:30 and 06:00 from 13 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 10.61 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound at junction J15 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:30 and 06:00 from 13 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of four lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.12 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound entry slip at junction J8 (Overpool) .
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:30 on 15 November 2024 to 06:00 on 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 9.15 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound entry slip at junction J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:30 on 15 November 2024 to 06:00 on 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 9.81 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J8 (Overpool) and J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:30 on 15 November 2024 to 06:00 on 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 9.12 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J10 (Elton) and J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:30 on 13 November 2024 to 06:00 on 14 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 11.04 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junction J14 (Helsby) and the A494 Chester.
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:30 on 13 November 2024 to 06:00 on 15 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.73 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J14 (Helsby) and J15 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:30 and 06:00 from 13 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.73 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junction J15 (Ellesmere Port) and the A494 Chester.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:30 and 06:00 from 13 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 11.87 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J3 (Southport) and M6 .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 12 November 2024 to 06:00 on 15 November 2024.
Nearest town: 18.99 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J4 (Skelmersdale) and M6 .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 12 November 2024 to 06:00 on 13 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 19.82 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J3 (Southport) and J5 (Skelmersdale) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 13 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 18.99 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J12 (Runcorn) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 11 November 2024 to 06:00 on 15 November 2024.
Nearest town: 17.78 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J12 (Runcorn) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 14 November 2024 to 06:00 on 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 17.78 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J12 (Runcorn) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 11 November 2024 to 14 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 17.78 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound entry slip at junction J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 11 November 2024 to 14 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 19.37 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound entry slip at junction J4 (Skelmersdale) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 13 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 19.34 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J15 (Ellesmere Port) and J14 (Helsby) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadside equipment maintenance is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 22:00 on 11 November 2024 to 05:00 on 12 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.75 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J5 (Skelmersdale) and J4 (Skelmersdale) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 11 November 2024 to 06:00 on 12 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 19.54 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between the A494 Chester and junction J15 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadside equipment maintenance is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 11 November 2024 to 05:00 on 12 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 11.02 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J11 (Runcorn) and J12 (Runcorn) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 11 November 2024 to 06:00 on 15 November 2024.
Nearest town: 19.37 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J11 (Runcorn) and J12 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 14 November 2024 to 06:00 on 15 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 19.4 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J11 (Runcorn) and J12 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 11 November 2024 to 14 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 19.4 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between the M57 and junction J1 (Kirkby) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Emergency roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 22:00 on 6 November 2024 to 05:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 13 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J3 (Southport) and J1 (Kirkby) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Emergency roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 22:00 on 6 November 2024 to 05:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 15.64 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J6 (Kirkby) and J7 (Liverpool) .
Lane Closures : Lane three will be closed.
Due to: Emergency roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 22:00 on 6 November 2024 to 05:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of five lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.56 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J6 (Kirkby) and J7 (Liverpool) .
Lane Closures : Lane three will be closed.
Due to: Emergency roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 22:00 on 6 November 2024 to 05:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.57 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J6 (Kirkby) and J7 (Liverpool) .
Due to: Barrier repairs are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 09:00 on 10 November 2024 to 18:00 on 11 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.58 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound at junction J1 (Huyton) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Emergency roadside equipment maintenance is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 6 November 2024 to 05:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 13.19 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J2 (Prescot) and J1 (Huyton) .
Lane Closures : Lane three will be closed.
Due to: Emergency roadside equipment maintenance is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 6 November 2024 to 05:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 13.44 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J1 (Huyton) and J2 (Prescot) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Emergency roadside equipment maintenance is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 6 November 2024 to 05:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 13.16 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J10 (Northwich) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Barrier repairs are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 10 November 2024 to 05:00 on 11 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 19.9 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J12 (Chester) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Nearest town: 13.88 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J12 (Chester) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 13.88 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound entry slip at junction J15 (Ellesmere Port) from the M53 northbound.
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.29 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between the M53 and the junction with the A51 .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.15 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound entry slip at junction J12 (Chester) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 13.87 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound at junction J12 (Chester) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.1 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between the junctions with the A51 and the M53 .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.59 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between the A5104 and the junction with the A483 .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Nearest town: 14.68 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between the A5104 and the junction with the A483 .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.68 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between the A51 and the junction with the A483 .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 15.51 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound exit slip to the A483 .
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 14.91 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between the A5156 and the junction with the A55 .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 8 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 15.3 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J4 (Heswall) and J5 (Bebington) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Barrier repairs are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 05:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 4.37 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound entry slip at junction J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 11.87 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J11 (Runcorn) and J10 (Elton) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 11.47 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound at junction J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 11.82 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound entry slip at junction J10 (Elton) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 11.06 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J11 (Runcorn) and J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Nearest town: 11.87 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J10 (Elton) and J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 11.08 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J5 (Bebington) and J4 (Heswall) .
Lane Closures : Lane three will be closed.
Due to: Barrier repairs are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 05:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 5.1 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound exit slip at junction J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 9.95 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between the junctions with the A5038 and the M58 .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 16 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.23 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between the junctions with the A5038 and the M58 .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 7 November 2024 to 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.23 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between the junctions with the A5038 and the M58 .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 11 November 2024 to 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.23 miles from Pensby.
Location: The junction of the A59 and the M57 J7 .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 7 November 2024 to 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of four lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.44 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J7 (Liverpool) and J6 (Kirkby) .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 11 November 2024 to 06:00 on 12 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.6 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J7 (Liverpool) and J6 (Kirkby) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1, 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 11 November 2024 to 06:00 on 12 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.6 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound exit slip at junction J6 (Kirkby) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 11 November 2024 to 06:00 on 12 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.79 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound at the junction with the M57 .
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 11 November 2024 to 06:00 on 16 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.68 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound at the junction with the A5036 .
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 11 November 2024 to 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.55 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound at the junction with the M57 .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 11 November 2024 to 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.68 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound.
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 16 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.58 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 7 November 2024 to 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 12.55 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J6 (Kirkby) and J7 (Liverpool) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 7 November 2024 to 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of five lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.56 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J6 (Kirkby) and J7 (Liverpool) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 7 November 2024 to 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.58 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound.
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 11 November 2024 to 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.55 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J6 (Kirkby) and J7 (Liverpool) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 11 November 2024 to 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of five lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.56 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between junctions J6 (Kirkby) and J7 (Liverpool) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 11 November 2024 to 16 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.58 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound.
Due to: Roadworks scheme is planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 9 November 2024.
Nearest town: 12.45 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 20:00 and 06:00 from 7 November 2024 to 9 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.45 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound exit slip to the A548 .
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 19:30 on 10 November 2024 to 06:00 on 11 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 8.79 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound exit slip to the A548 .
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 19:30 on 10 November 2024 to 06:00 on 11 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 8.94 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between the A540 and the junction with the A548 .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 19:30 and 06:00 from 7 November 2024 to 12 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 9.53 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound at the junction with the A494 .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 19:30 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 8.7 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between the A494 and the junction with the A494 .
Due to: Horticultural works are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 19:30 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 19:30 and 06:00 from 10 November 2024 to 12 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 8.71 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J14 (Helsby) and J12 (Runcorn) .
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 6 November 2024 to 05:00 on 7 November 2024.
Nearest town: 16.72 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound exit slip at junction J12 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 6 November 2024 to 05:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 16.9 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound at junction J5 (Bebington) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 00:01 on 6 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 6.57 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound entry slip at junction J15 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 06:00 from 6 November 2024 to 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 11.54 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J8 (Overpool) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 6 November 2024 to 06:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 9.12 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J9 (Ellesmere Port) and J11 (Runcorn) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 9.76 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound entry slip at junction J10 (Elton) .
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 06:00 from 6 November 2024 to 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 11.14 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound entry slip at junction J8 (Overpool) .
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 06:00 from 6 November 2024 to 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 9.15 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J8 (Overpool) and J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 20:30 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 9.11 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound entry slip at junction J9 (Ellesmere Port) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 06:00 from 6 November 2024 to 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 9.81 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound between junctions J7 (Overpool) and J8 (Overpool) .
Lane Closures : Lane two will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 6 November 2024 to 06:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of two lanes closed.
Nearest town: 8.33 miles from Pensby.
Location: southbound exit slip at junction J10 (Elton) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 06:00 from 6 November 2024 to 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 10.95 miles from Pensby.
Location: northbound between the junctions with the A5038 and the M58 .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 23:45 on 5 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 6 November 2024 to 06:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.23 miles from Pensby.
Location: The junction of the A59 and the M57 J7 .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1 and 2 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 23:45 on 5 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 6 November 2024 to 06:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of four lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.44 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound.
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 23:45 on 5 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Schedule : From 20:00 on 6 November 2024 to 06:00 on 7 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 12.45 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J7 (Prescot) and J8 (Warrington) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 1, 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 15.79 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound entry slip at junction J7 (Prescot) .
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 15.84 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound between junctions J6 (Liverpool) and J7 (Prescot) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 23:45 on 5 November 2024 to 06:00 on 6 November 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 06:00 from 6 November 2024 to 8 November 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 06:00 from 18 November 2024 to 23 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 14.22 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J7 (Prescot) and J6 (Liverpool) .
Lane Closures : Lane one will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 05:00 from 25 November 2024 to 30 November 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 05:00 from 2 December 2024 to 7 December 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 05:00 from 9 December 2024 to 14 December 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 05:00 from 16 December 2024 to 19 December 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be one of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 15.76 miles from Pensby.
Location: westbound between junctions J7 (Prescot) and J6 (Liverpool) .
Lane Closures : Lanes 2 and 3 will be closed.
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 23:45 on 5 November 2024 to 05:00 on 6 November 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 05:00 from 6 November 2024 to 9 November 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 05:00 from 11 November 2024 to 15 November 2024.
Schedule : Expect disruption everyday between 21:00 and 05:00 from 18 November 2024 to 23 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : There will be two of three lanes closed.
Nearest town: 15.74 miles from Pensby.
Location: eastbound exit slip at junction J8 (Warrington) .
Due to: Roadworks are planned.
Status : Pending.
Schedule : From 21:00 on 7 November 2024 to 06:00 on 8 November 2024.
Lanes Closed : All lanes will be closed.
Nearest town: 19.63 miles from Pensby.